abstract class 

What is abstract class and why its needed, Lets Understand with an real time example in C#-

An abstract class is an incomplete class or special class,  we can't be instantiated (We cant create object of this kind of class).

Its intendent to be a base(Parent) class. 

The purpose of an abstract class is to provide a blueprint for derived classes and set some rules what the derived classes must implement when they inherit an abstract class. Abstract classes are used to define a common set of behaviors or properties that derived classes should have.

To create an abstract class in C#, you use the “abstract” keyword before the class definition. Here is an example:

using System;

public abstract class Vehicle {
    public abstract string Brand { get; }
    public abstract string Model { get; }
    public abstract int Year { get; }
    public abstract void Start ();
    public abstract void Stop ();
}

public class Car : Vehicle {
    public override string Brand => "Ford";
    public override string Model => "Mustang";
    public override int Year => 2022;
    public override void Start () {
        Console.WriteLine ("Starting the car...");
    }
    public override void Stop () {
        Console.WriteLine ("Stopping the car...");
    }
}

public class Motorcycle : Vehicle {
    public override string Brand => "Harley-Davidson";
    public override string Model => "Iron 883";
    public override int Year => 2021;
    public override void Start () {
        Console.WriteLine ("Starting the motorcycle...");
    }
    public override void Stop () {
        Console.WriteLine ("Stopping the motorcycle...");
    }
}

class Program {
    static void Main (string[] args) {
        Vehicle [] vehicles = new Vehicle [] { new Car (), new Motorcycle () };
        foreach (Vehicle vehicle in vehicles) {
            Console.WriteLine ($"The {vehicle.Brand} {vehicle.Model} ({vehicle.Year})");
            vehicle.Start ();
            vehicle.Stop ();
        }
    }
}

In this example, we have an abstract class named Vehicle that has four abstract properties: Brand, Model, Year, Start, and Stop. The Car and Motorcycle classes inherit from the Vehicle class and provide their own implementation of these properties.
The Car class has a Brand, Model, and Year properties and implements the Start and Stop methods to start and stop the car.
The Motorcycle class has Brand, Model, and Year properties and implements the Start and Stop methods to start and stop the motorcycle.
In the Main method, we create an array of Vehicle objects that contains a Car and a Motorcycle. We then loop through the array and output the brand, model, and year of each vehicle, and start and stop each vehicle.
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